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The Jesselton Revolt or Double Tenth Incident was a multi-ethnic uprising, mainly led by Chinese and Suluk guerrilla forces known as the Kinabalu Guerrillas, against the Japanese occupation of British Borneo. After the revolt, the Japanese forces initiated an ethnic cleansing against the Suluk people as punishment. ==Uprising== The Kinabalu Guerrillas were led by Albert Kwok in the west and by Tun Datu Mustapha bin Datu Harun in the north. The Kinabalu Guerillas, consisting of 300 Chinese and islander people like the Suluk Muslims〔(Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Malaysian Branch 2007, pp. 19 &29. )〕〔(''Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, Volume 80, Issue 2'' 2007, pp. 19 & 29. )〕 and Bajau.〔(Allen 1968, p. 77. )〕 The Dusuns and Sikhs, started an uprising against the Japanese on 9 October 1943, on the eve of National Day of the Republic of China. Albert Kwok was a supporter of the Kuomintang government of the Republic of China. Kwok was forced to launch the revolt ahead of schedule because the forced conscription of the native Chinese was approaching. Imam Marajukim, a Muslim cleric from Sulu in the Philippines, was involved in the resistance against Japan in the Philippines and helped supply Kwok and the Kinabalu guerillas.〔(Lim 2005, pp. 315 &318. )〕〔(Evans 1990, p. 51. )〕〔(Brooks 1995, pp. 119-120. )〕〔(Cayrac-Blanchard 1970, p. 166. )〕〔(ed. Kratoska 2013, p. 124. )〕 The Suluks were described as "strongly displeased to be anti-Japanese".〔(ed. Kratoska 2013, p. 126. )〕〔(Rahman 1966, p. 143. )〕 Imam Marajukim helped the Chinese secure participation in the uprising from Panglima Ali's Suluks, the Binadan inhabitants of the Mantanani and Danawan (Dinawan) islands, and the Oudar Islanders under Orang Tuah Arshad.〔(Wong 1998, p. 160. )〕 The rank of 3rd Lieutenant within the Sulu guerrillas was granted to Dr. Kowk after he joined the resistance movement.〔(), p. 2.〕 The Chinese and Suluks started the insurrection with a combined land and sea attack on the Japanese in Jesselton. Mantanani and other islands contributed ships to the Suluk flotilla, headed by Suluk (Sulug) Island leader Orang Tuah Panglima Ali and Oudar (Udar) Island leader Orang Tuah Arshad.〔(Hall 1965, p. 79. )〕 Panglima Ali was the primary leader of the naval part of the uprising.〔(Brooks 1995, pp. 123. )〕〔(Horton 1983, p. 60. )〕〔(Reece 1998, p. 162. )〕〔(Ooi 2010, p. 99. )〕 The 100-strong Chinese guerrilla force was led by Albert Kwok (also known as I. N. Kwok, Guo Yi Nan, and Guo Hengnan). It first took control of the Menggatal and Tuaran police stations〔(Reece 1998, p. 162. )〕 and then used parangs to attack the Japanese on land in Jesselton,〔(Wilson 1994, p. 220. )〕 while the 200-strong guerrilla force of Suluks and Bajau from the coastal islands led by Sulug Island leader Orang Tuah Panglima Ali, Udar Island leader Orang Tuah Arshad, Mantanani Island leader Jemalul and Dinawan Island leader Saruddin attacked from the sea, assaulting the city and burning down warehouses. Dusun-Murut and Sikh Indians joined the guerillas in the attack on the Japanese. The Japanese suffered 60-90 deaths, but the guerillas were armed only with parangs and spears, so they were forced to withdraw.〔(ed. Kratoska 2013, p. 111. )〕 This led to the defeat of the uprising.〔(Tarling 2001, p. 196. )〕 Other figures for the Japanese death toll are 40〔(Totani 2009, p. 168. )〕〔(Watt 1985, p. 210. )〕 and 50.〔(Wilson 1994, p. 220. )〕〔(Wong 2004, p. 116. )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jesselton Revolt」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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